几个板栗优系生长结实特性的调查分析

对高接后３ａ，综合性状优良，品种、产地与成熟期均不相同的６个板栗优系的生长结实特性进行了调查与分析，明确了板栗优系生长结实的基本特性，结果母枝粗度和结果枝粗度、数量、着生部位与雌花序数的关系，为板栗良种选育和丰产栽培提供了一定的理论依据。     

Effects of Clear Polymer Film on Emergence and Survival of Direct Sown Native Vegetation

Clear, degradable polymer films are used with agricultural crops to alter the germination and growing environment and extend the length of the growing season. The film acts like a greenhouse, elevating temperatures and improving soil water. We examined the potential of polymer film to improve emergence and persistence of direct‐seeded native vegetation. A seed mix comprising three tree species and two shrubs was sown in early August 2015, with and without polymer film. The effect of duration of polymer film (from 0–10 weeks) on emergence and persistence was tested, and the effects of polymer film on temperature and soil moisture were monitored. Our hypothesis that polymer film would improve emergence was partially supported, with between 6 and 10 weeks of polymer film coverage increasing emergence of small‐seeded species above the level of the Control. The polymer film increased temperatures by an average of 5 °C and volumetric water content by up to 10%, compared with ambient conditions, and reduced fluctuations in soil moisture, which may have contributed to the increased emergence observed. Emergence was low across all treatments (range 0·2–47%). Our hypothesis that polymer film would improve persistence was not supported, with seedling numbers declining rapidly following removal of the polymer film and no differences between treatments in percentage persistence by the end of the experiment. We concluded that polymer film is a potentially useful tool for improving emergence of smaller‐seeded species in direct seeding for land restoration, although provided no benefit for emergence of the larger‐seeded species. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广东省农业科学院常规水稻育种 60 年：成就与展望

常规水稻是广东省水稻的优势和特色，有着辉煌的发展历史，1959年矮化育种的成功引领了农业发展史上的第一次绿色革命。广东省农业科学院率先在全国开展优质稻、超级稻育种，常规水稻育种技术水平在全国处于领先地位，先后育成了广场矮、珍珠矮、广陆矮4号、广解9号、双竹占、青二矮、窄叶青8号、桂朝2号、双桂1号、双桂36、特青2号、珍桂矮1号、七山占、特三矮2号、粤香占、黄华占等23个种植面积超千万亩的常规水稻品种；建立了水稻生态育种理论科学体系，以株型塑造为核心，提出丛化育种、半矮秆早长超高产育种、组群筛选法等育种技术，并取得了丰硕成果，为广东乃至全国粮食生产作出了突出贡献。未来将开展以保障粮食安全、改良食味品质及以满足多元化消费需求为目标的高产稳产、香型丝苗、功能营养及绿色高效的水稻新品种选育研究，发展现代水稻育种理论，应用新技术提高品种选育效率。广东水稻科研在老一辈科学家创造辉煌历史的基础上，当代水稻科研工作者对常规水稻育种肩负着传承与发展的历史使命。     

广西超级稻研究现状及育种对策

目前,广西推广应用的超级稻品种大多是由外省引进,生育期偏长,市场潜力未能充分发挥,而区内自育品种抗性相对较差,米质不够优。“十一五”期间,广西超级稻的育种策略应是:坚持亚种重穗,进一步改良株型,适当增加叶面积;通过育种和栽培手段,增强生理协调性,提高经济效益和日产量。产量突破的关键是扩库、增源、畅流。主要选育指标为:株高120~130cm,茎秆坚韧,抗倒力强;穗长26~30cm,穗粒数230粒、穗重5g左右;叶厚直,剑叶长40~50cm;生育期130d;抗稻瘟病、白叶枯病;米质达国标二级标准;产量,近期目标为10500~12000kg/hm2,远期目标13500kg/hm2以上。     

Development of a New Foxtail Millet Germplasm with Super Early Maturity and High Iron Content

Super Early Maturation No.2 is a new foxtail millet germplasm developed by using the targeted-character-gene-bank-breeding method. It has several outstanding characteristics. (1) Super early maturity. It can normally mature in Bashang, Hebei Province, China, where the altitude is around 1 400 meters, and it needs 1650°C of effective accumulated temperature in the growing period. (2) Millet is rich in iron. The iron content of the millet of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 54.10 mg kg⁻¹, which is 62.0% higher than the average iron content of the foxtail millet varieties in China. (3) High crude fat content. Its crude fat content is 6.24%, which is 54.1% higher than the average content of foxtail millet varieties in China. (4) High crude protein content. The average of the crude protein content of all the foxtail millet varieties in China is 12.71%, only 5% varieties surpass 14%, however, the crude protein content of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 14.36%, which is rare in improved varieties of foxtail millet in China. (5) Overall characteristics are good.     

Development of cell model of polymer/liquid crystal and effect of their elasticity on adhesion of rBM-MSCs

AIM: To develop the cell model of polymer/liquid crystal and to study the effect of their elasticity on the adhesion of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs). METHODS: Using the method of solvent evaporation induced phase separation, the cell model of polymer/liquid crystal was constructed. The surface morphology and phase separation structure were determined by polarized optical microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). rBM-MSCs were separated and expanded by adherent culture. The surface markers of rBM-MSCs were detected by flow cytometry. The cells were induced to osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation for 2 weeks. After 3 passages, the cells were divided into 4 groups, including total PU control group, 10% membrane group, 30% membrane group and 50% membrane group. The cells were then incubated with rhodamine phalloidin for cytoskeleton staining and were observed under the confocal laser scanning microscope after cultured for 24 h. RESULTS: The cell model of polymer/liquid crystal was constructed successfully using the method of solvent evaporation induced phase separation. Flow cytometry results showed that the rBM-MSCs positively expressed CD29, CD44 and CD90, and negatively expressed CD34 and CD45. After stained with alizarin red S and oil red O, the calcium nodule and lipid droplets in rBM-MSCs were observed obviously. The cytoskeleton staining result indicated that the area in total PU control group, 10% membrane group and 30% membrane group were greater, and the actin microfilaments were also clearer than that in 50% membrane group. CONCLUSION: The cell model with suitable content of liquid crystal made a contribution to the rBM-MSCs' adhesion, but too much liquid crystal inhibits cell adhesion.     

Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Structures Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Sheet

Stress redistributes after the concrete structures strenthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet. It is a question of secondary loading.Many scholars have studied it and got a lot of achievements.This paper summarizes the methods and analyzes their advantage and shortcoming. Based on it, a new method is proposed.The method is developing in large-scale general software-Ansys by using adding new elements, constitutive relationship, failure criterion,and so on.The calculation formula agrees with the experimental data.     

旱地谷子集水保水技术的生理生态效应

将地膜覆盖与保水剂两种集水保水技术集成应用，观测了抽穗期不同处理谷子光合作用日变化，分析了不同集水保水技术对产量和水分状况的影响。结果表明，各处理光合速率日变化存在“午休现象”，两种覆膜方式结合使用保水剂的处理使这种趋势有所减轻；蒸腾速率日变化为“单峰曲线”，气孔导度以上午8:00最高。地膜覆盖与保水剂处理表现出一定的增产和提高水分利用效率的效果，平膜方式与垄沟方式分别较露地栽培增产78.98％、60.12％，保水剂使用较不使用平均增产7.66％，季末垄膜沟植有较好的水分效应，收获后2 m土层贮水量平均较对照增加59.9 mm。     

高品质棉高产保优的栽培途径探讨

为充分发挥高品质棉的产量潜力,研究了高品质棉杂交种科棉1号、常规种科棉4号在育苗移栽种植方式下,不同的密度以及密度氮肥配合条件下群体果节量、果枝数,成铃特点、铃重、产量和纤维品质的变化特点。结果表明,高品质棉通过适当降低密度,科棉1号每公顷保持在2.7万株左右、科棉4号保持在3万株左右,果节量都控制在每公顷300万个左右,成铃率可达到40%以上,从而获得高产和保优同步。根据高产保优情况下棉株壮个体优势果枝数增多、优势果枝节位上移以及上、下部位成铃数、成铃率、铃重提高等特点,提出了高品质棉的“优、壮、高”高产栽培途径,用优化群体、壮个体的途径容易形成适宜果节量和高成铃率的高产群体。     

THE ORGANIZED DEVELOPMENT TREND OF CEMENT CONCRETE

Cement concrete is the building material which is widely and lar-gely used.Congenital deficiency of cement concrete is brittleness.Adding a little polymer into cement concrete can improve its brittleness and function and even provide concrete with new function.This is an organized development trend of cement concrete.